Racial Profiling in America Essay -- Black Lives Matter Essays

On February 4, 1999, Amadou Diallo, an unarmed multi year-old settler from New Guinea, West Africa, was shot and slaughtered in the tight vestibule of the high rise where he lived. Four white officials, Sean Carroll, Kenneth Boss, Edward McMellon and Richard Murphy shot 41 slugs, hitting Diallo multiple times. Every one of the four were individuals from the New York City Police Department's Street Crimes Unit, which, under the motto, We Own the Night, utilized forceful stop and search strategies against African-Americans at a rate twofold that gathering's populace rate. A report on the unit by the state lawyer general found that blacks were halted at a rate multiple times that of whites, and that 35 percent of those stops needed sensible doubt to keep or had reports deficiently rounded out to make an assurance. Thousands went to Diallo's memorial service. Exhibitions were held practically day by day, alongside the captures of more than 1,200 individuals in arranged common noncomplian ce. In a preliminary that was moved out of the network where Diallo lived and to Albany in upstate New York, the four officials who executed Diallo were vindicated all things considered. (â€Å"Persistence† 21) Racial Profiling is any police or private security practice in which an individual is treated as a suspect due to their race, ethnicity, nationality or religion. This happens when police examine, stop, search, search or use power against an individual dependent on such qualities rather than proof of an individual's criminal conduct. It frequently includes the halting and looking of ethnic minorities for petty criminal offenses, known as â€Å"DWB† or â€Å"driving while dark or brown.† (Meeks 17) After 9/11, racial profiling has gotten broadly acknowledged as a suitable type of wrongdoing counteraction. Individuals were s... ... for as long as any of us can recall. Racial profiling comes from bigotry, and dread of individuals who are unique, ethnically and socially, than the individual creation the decisions. Tragically, it spreads significantly farther than that, and mists the judgment of the individuals who are in places of power, in any event, when they originate from a similar ethnic foundation. Bigotry, classism, sexism and the various â€isms join to make patterns, for example, these, which influence something other than the individual being judged; it influences their families, companions, neighborhoods, networks, and so forth. Like every single other issue that manage the issue of â€isms, the best way to change the predominant recognition is to change the manner in which individuals are customized all through life and their encounters. Until that day, no enactment or rule is going to change the manner in which individuals feel about the minority, or saw lower class, gathering.

Struggle for Womens Vote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Battle for Womens Vote - Essay Example P. 15, John Smart (2001). twentieth Century British Drama, Cambridge University Press,UK. The opposite side of that time had come to be known as the Great Depression in the US. This was welcomed on by the Wall Street crash of 1929 which cleared the world's money related markets. P. 17 As monetary conditions weakened, coal mine proprietors diminished excavators wages to trigger an enormous strike of coal diggers. In England, the Labor Party itself and the Trade Union Congress joined 4 million specialists in supporting the far reaching dissent of excavators. Yearning walks were later held in London and somewhere else. While the world economy went into a spiral, an emergency of philosophy joined it. Many started to question the ability of private enterprise, effectively discovered hard to shield ethically in a manner of speaking, to convey employments and success. Numerous masterminds found in the emergency the satisfaction of Marx's thoughts that private enterprise was damned. They started to take a gander at socialism as one that offered a more attractive and increasingly productive framework. Against this background of unfilled needs and winning state of mind for fight, ladies got the battle for testimonial with more prominent assurance and, after a long and hard battle, won it. The creating feeling of ladies' privileges and their jobs in the public eye is a significant topic of the twentieth century Smart,p.8 The dissent development started and finished in Britain to such an extent that the authoring of the termsuffragette was ascribed to London's Daily Mail. Ruth Rasnic (2006) The twentieth Century - The Century That Made an Impact, Jewish Women International, Vol. 1, Issue 5. It was begat in a criticizing vein, which mirrored the general disposition towards the development. Why - Reasons for the dissent As far back as the Edwardian time in the nineteenth century British ladies had opposed their condition as the biggest underclass of that time. P.7, Smart. The more taught ladies turned into, the more honed their mindfulness developed on the segregation they had endured in a male-ruled world. This was among the subjects taken up by the Blue Stocking women in England, who had partners in the US, France and different nations in Europe, as they accumulated normally for tea and scholarly, savvy or amusement conversations. Ruth Rasnic (2006) accepts educated ladies really started to vocalize their anxiety over their smothered rights during that time. Serenely from the start, they began pointing out the way that for such a long time, ladies had been consigned to a second rate position in all societies, social orders and religions. By custom, the man was ruler and ace for ladies to love, respect and comply. Ladies are parted with in marriage, sold on settlement like dairy cattle. Just the spouse can separate from his better half and never the reverse way around. In certain societies, ladies can't pick their mates and female emasculation was a mainstream custom. In China, ladies were exposed to foot-authoritative as young ladies with the goal that they would be constrained by men in their lifetime.3 ________________________ 3 In this custom, the young ladies' feet are bound in concrete in adolescence to make development agonizing. Such victimization

Geography of the Korean Peninsula

Topography of the Korean Peninsula The Korean Peninsula is a region situated in Eastern Asia. It expands south from the primary piece of the Asian landmass for around 683 miles (1,100 km). As a promontory, it is encircled by water on three sides and there are five waterways that touch it. These waters incorporate the Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, the Korea Strait, the Cheju Strait and Korea Bay. The Korean Peninsula additionally covers an all out land zone of 84,610 miles (219,140 km).The Korean Peninsula has been possessed by people since ancient occasions and a few antiquated traditions and realms controlled the zone. During its initial history the Korean Peninsula was involved by a solitary nation, Korea, however after World War II, it was part into North Korea and South Korea. The biggest city on the Korean Peninsula is Seoul, the capital of South Korea. Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, is another enormous city on the peninsula.Most as of late the Korean Peninsula has been in the news because of developing c lashes and pressures among North and South Korea. There have been long periods of threats between the two countries however on November 23, 2010, North Korea propelled a mounted guns assault on South Korea. This was the principal affirmed direct assault on South Korea since the finish of the Korean War in 1953 (there are likewise asserts that North Korea sunk the South Korean warship the Cheonan in March 2010 yet North Korea rejects obligation). Because of the assault, South Korea reacted by sending contender streams and terminating went on for a brief timeframe over the Yellow Sea. From that point forward, strains have remained and South Korea has rehearsed military drills with the United States. Geography and Geology of the Korean Peninsula About 70% of the Korean Peninsula is secured by mountains, despite the fact that there are some arable terrains on the fields between the mountain ranges. These territories are little anyway so any agribusiness is limited to specific zones around the landmass. The most bumpy areas of the Korean Peninsula are the north and east and the most noteworthy mountains are in the northern part. The most elevated mountain on the Korean Peninsula is Baekdu Mountain at 9,002 feet (2,744 m). This mountain is a spring of gushing lava and it is situated on the fringe between North Korea and China.The Korean Peninsula has a sum of 5,255 miles (8,458 km) of coastline. The south and west drifts are additionally unpredictable and the promontory in this manner comprises of thousands of islands. Altogether there are around 3,579 islands off the bank of the peninsula.In expressions of its topography, the Korean Peninsula is somewhat topographically dynamic with its most elevated mountain, Baekdu Mountain, having last ejected in 1903. Moreover, there are likewise cavity lakes in different mountains, showing volcanism. There are additionally natural aquifers spread all through the promontory and little quakes are normal. Atmosphere of the Korean Peninsula The atmosphere of the Korean Peninsula fluctuates profoundly dependent on the spot. In the south, it is moderately warm and wet since it is influenced by the East Korean Warm Current, while the northern parts are generally a lot colder on the grounds that a greater amount of its climate originates from northern areas like Siberia. The whole landmass is additionally influenced by the East Asian Monsoon and downpour is basic in midsummer, and tropical storms are normal in the fall.The Korean Peninsulas biggest urban areas, Pyongyang and Seoul differ likewise and Pyongyang is a lot colder (it is in the north) with a normal January low temperature of 13ËšF (- 11ËšC) and the normal August high 84ËšF (29ËšC). The normal January low temperature for Seoul is 21ËšF (- 6ËšC) and the normal August high temperature is 85ËšF (29.5ËšC). Biodiversity of the Korean Peninsula The Korean Peninsula is viewed as a biodiverse place with more than 3,000 types of plants. More than 500 of these are local just to the promontory. The appropriation of species over the promontory likewise differs with area, which is chiefly because of the geography and atmosphere all through it. In this way the diverse plant locales are partitioned into zones which are known as the warm-calm, mild and cold calm. A large portion of the promontory comprises of the calm zone. Sources CNN Wire Staff. (29 November 2010). Seoul Warns: Dear Price if North Korea Attacks Again. CNN World. Recovered from: cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/11/29/koreas.crisis/index.htmlCNN Wire Staff. (24 November 2010). After North Korean Strike, South Korean Leader Threatens Retaliation. CNN World. Recovered from: cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/11/23/nkorea.skorea.military.fire/index.html?hptT1Wikipedia.org. (28 November 2010). Korean Peninsula - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Recovered from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_PeninsulaWorldAtlas.com. (n.d.). Korean Peninsula Map, Map of North and South Korea, Korea Information and Facts - WorldAtlas.com. Recovered from: worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/koreanpn.htm

Carry out a research exercise to find the legislative Essays

Do an exploration exercise to locate the administrative Essays Complete an examination exercise to locate the authoritative Essay Complete an examination exercise to locate the authoritative Essay 102236 Complete an examination practicing to happen the authoritative program which the UK specialists set out in the Queen s Speech on May seventeenth 2005 and make an investigation putting a nation of law of significance to concerns which might be able to change if the proposed program experiences and quickly clarify the technique by which the proposed modification would be established. â€Å"Company statute will be changed to advance more noteworthy degrees of contributing and enterprise.†[ 1 ] One of the cardinal nations that is proposed in notice to organization statute is changing the capacity of the investor in organizations. A cardinal bit that this measure will cover with is the director’s obligations where the whitepaper suggests that director’s duties which are currently at the normal statute degree be placed into a stutory outline work: â€Å"The legal explanation of obligations will supplant bing basic law and just guidelines. The obligations owed to the organization, and †as now †just the organization will actualize them. ( In specific fortunes, the investors might have the option to pass on a subsidiary activity, yet essentially for the company’s advantage ) † .[ 2 ] The legitimate deduction for this legal model is to cover with shielding investors from supervisors in a roundabout way concerning current occasion law. So as to dissect this the present situation as to the fiducial obligations of administrators will be talked about and how in any way the present law wll be changed, or if this legal modification will just re-inforce current movements and security of single segment holders. Director’s Duties, Company Law A ; Shareholders †The Current Law: The general duty that the director holds is to the organization, which has been built up through the statute of value, which will be more distant talked about in the accompanying region. [ 3 ] corresponding to gets that actually advantage the supervisor under agreement statute the organization can do it evitable for what it's worth in break of the essential obligation that the administrator holds, which is suggested in the presentCompany Acts. Anyway there is the stipulation that if the supervisor announces to the board his own association, at the soonest conceivable clasp, so if the board supports the agreement so this agreement is legitimate [ 4 ] . This is non the degree to which parliament has enacted director’s individual inclusions in contracts as can be seen in theCalcium 1985. Segment 317 of theCalcium 1985has been quickly addressed in his affirmation of individual inclusion in the agreement, yet the rule law goes more distant to determine how and what the administrato r must pronounce. This incorporates the idea of the association ; whereby a general notification of inclusion in an organization or with a particular individual is adequate notification [ 5 ] ; all things considered only the comprehension from the board in full insight of a contribution will rescue an agreement from being maintained a strategic distance from, in any case contract statute will let the agreement to be dodged. On the off chance that the association is monetary, rather than simply an association with an individual, so the supervisor must do an affirmation to the narratives ; along these lines absolutely adjusting non just direct agreements yet alongside roundabout or insouciant minutess [ 6 ] . There are sure rejections which incorporate ; minutess inside the organization bunch ; or an assistance contract between a supervisor and its organization [ 7 ] ; each piece great as monetary minutess which are underneath the limits set out [ 8 ] . Hence the present statute has s et out some fundamental commissariats in securing the organization, which impliedly ensures the investor in light of the fact that the investor is whom the supervisor is saving its trust for. However after an all-encompassing three twelvemonth reappraisal it has been uncovered that the single shareholder’s associations may non be adequately ensured by securing the company’s inclusion and pronouncing any contribution in an agreement to the board. In this manner the current law does non make a fiducial obligation between single investors and a director, rather this is inferred in light of the fact that the administrator owes a fiducial duty to the organization all in all, which is simply clung to inRegal ( Hastings ) Ltd V Gulliver[ 9 ] . This makes a limitation in the degree that the statute of value can secure the single shareholder’s association, since it implies that the organization must pass on a case and typically the investor can non pass on a case on the grounds that no duty is held to the single investor [ 10 ] . This can do tasks in the example that all the chiefs appreciate an individual contribution in the managing and thus taking to a situation where there is no 1 in the organization arranged to make a move against the administrators. This has driven the statute to do prohibitions, yet these avoidances are non for the inclusion of the investors yet for loan bosses [ 11 ] and workers [ 12 ] . Henceforth mak ing a situation where there are single fiducial duties held yet starting at yet non held to single investors. Along these lines each piece long as the chief accepts he is moving in the best association as the organization, non single investors thus he can use and discard organization possessions as he wishes. [ 13 ] In add-on in by and by intrigued minutess, each piece long as the organization is told and the board concurs, that are in the best contributions of the organization and for legitimate expectations, for example non beguiling, careless or imprudent, are viewed as totally legitimate [ 14 ] . On the off chance that the administrator is to do total compensation from substantial individual deals this so should be to the full uncovered, else he would be in break of his fiducial obligation to the organization [ 15 ] ; regardless of whether the organization could non hold made net gain without this covering [ 16 ] . In short the present law of value does other than flexibly some roundabout commissariats in securing the investor ; by the by there is no immediate fiducial obligation between the administrator and single investor ; while there is an immediate duty to a worker or a lender. This appears to bespeak a serious large nothingness in the both the law of value and rule law as the organization would non be without single investors ; consequently every piece long as it very well may be demonstrated that an activity was in the company’s general great contribution so the consequences for the maintenances of a single investor is by all accounts unessential. Anyway in the ongoing occurrence ofCrown Dilmun and Dilmun Investments v Nicholas Sutton and Fulham River Undertakings[ 17 ] the court held that the administrator, whom held an immediate individual inclusion in the challenged exchange, required the extra composed consent of the exchange from single investors in the worry exchange as there were not kidding impacts and battles in the occasion and obl iviousness is no plausible excuse: The way that Mr Sutton accepts the entirety of this is conceivable is a decent introduction of his base dread of his obligations and obligations and potential outcomes of battle which he neer comprehended at all.[ 18 ] The Proposed Changes: TheDilmunabove case demonstrates that the current lawful adjustments are get bringing down to comprehend the significance of reasonable vivacious activities to single investors. The legal adjustments that the Queen’s address has proposed is to ensure this transition to by implication securing the investor, for example the aftereffect of theDilmunis being placed into legal signifier and by this there is more distant clash of the investor. This will do people increasingly inclined to puting in organizations as investors and climb monetary developing in the UK †the motivation behind the Company Bill. In this way there is a little modification in the current lawful situation, rather the insurance of an of import change that recentDilmun Case[ 19 ] demonstrates, for example there is a movement to secure single investors. This is by all accounts the way that new rule law and proposed changes appear to bespeak other than. The central point is that without single investors at tha t spot would non be an organization, in this manner their contributions ought to be each piece ensured as single representatives and banks. Ideally theDilmun Caseand the proposed changes will bespeak a movement towards securing single investors associations, each piece great as making a direct fiducial obligation among directors and investors. Catalog: N. Extension, 2004,Directors Behaving Badly,NLJ 154 ( 7129) Charlesworth and Morse, 1999,Company Law, Sweet A ; Maxwell Division of Trade and Industry can be found at:www.dti.gov.uk DTI,Company Law Reform White Paper March 2005can be found at:www.dti.gov.uk/cld/WhitePaper.htm The Insolvency Service can be found at:www.insolvency.gov.uk Keenan and Bisacre, 1999,Company Law ( with Scottish addendum ), Prentice Hall Pillans and Bourne, 1999,Scots Company Law, Cavendish Queen’s Speech, 17ThursdayMay 2005, can be found at:hypertext move convention:/www.number-10.gov.uk/yield/Page7488.asp Sealy, 2001,Cases and Materials in Company Law, LexisNexis UK 1

Gandhi a great leader essays

Gandhi an incredible pioneer articles Scarcely any men have ever had as a lot of an impact on our reality as Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948), however he utilized the message of harmony and love, instead of war and demolition. Once a noticeable legal advisor in South Africa, Gandhi quit any pretense of providing legal counsel and came back to India so as to help facilitate the enduring of the stifled individuals of his country. Gandhi's affection for individuals and his strict intensity made him a progressive in a significant number of his thoughts and activities. He wanted to see India liberated from British guideline in a bloodless insurgency, like the Heavenly Revolution of Seventeenth Century England. Realizing that viciousness just sires brutality, he started the rehearsing of uninvolved opposition, or as he called it, Satyagraha which signifies clutching truth. In his celebrated Salt March of 1930, Gandhi and a great many others walked to a coast where salt lay on the sea shores to fight the British Governments' denial against the Indians making their own salt. In spite of the fact that many were beaten, captured and slaughtered, nobody retaliated. Through an amazing span he drove three significant campaigns, mobilized support for peaceful strikes, asked Indians to blacklist anything British, and advocated ladies' privileges. Gandhi exemplified numerous qualities of an extraordinary pioneer. His affection for the individuals of India was endless; he didn't need anything more than to serve and help them. Continually placing others above himself, he tried to make himself even lower than the most minimal individual from the Hindu rank framework. He even lowered himself to the point of clearing up fertilizer deserted by others, planning to train that ailment was spread in rottenness. One of his most splendid characteristics was that he showed others how its done and never lectured what he was not ready to do himself. A repeating theme among Gandhi and numerous other extraordinary pioneers was that regardless of what he did, he did it as well as could be expected. He once stated: Regardless of how inconsequential the thing you need to do, do ... <!

Coping When a Family Member Has Social Anxiety Disorder

Coping When a Family Member Has Social Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print How to Cope When a Family Member Has Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on June 24, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Guido Mieth/Getty Images When a family member has social anxiety disorder (SAD), it can be a challenge to support that person while not neglecting your own needs. You can do many things to ensure that your own well-being is not compromised in the process of caring for your family member. First, it is important to understand the impact that the disorder may have on you as a family member. Impact of SAD If a family member has suffered a long time with SAD without a diagnosis, the disorder has probably put a strain on the family. You may have spent months or years not knowing what was wrong. Although a diagnosis is a positive step towards repairing strained family relations, recovery is still a long process  and one that requires work on the part of everyone involved. When someone in your family has SAD, there can be far-reaching effects on your own emotional well-being. If your spouse has SAD, you may feel resentful that she does not want to join you in typical social activities such as family gatherings or parties. If your child has SAD, you may feel guilty, blame yourself, or wonder what you may have done to cause him to develop the disorder. Unfortunately, feelings of anger, resentment, and guilt make it hard for you to be supportive of your family member. It is normal to have these feelings, but it is also important to learn how to manage your emotions so that they don’t interfere with your ability to help. In general, knowing your own personal limitations and taking actions to maintain your own physical and mental health will make it easier to manage negative emotions when they arise. Taking Care of Yourself In the course of looking after someone else, you may find that you neglect to take care of yourself. You may give up favorite activities or become isolated from friends and family. Over time, high levels of stress may take a toll on your well-being. Remember that recovery is a stressful time for you too, and it is important to look after yourself. Keep up Outside Interests. Although it may be tempting to back out of social commitments during this stressful time, it is important not to sacrifice your own interests. Meet up with friends, join clubs or sporting groups, or volunteer for a cause that interests you. Having an active social life outside the family will help to recharge your energy and make you better able to help your family member. It will also provide you with a social support network during times of high stress.Set Aside Feelings of Guilt. It is not your fault that your family member developed the disorder. SAD is the result of biological and psychological factors that are out of your control. Focus on the positive things that you can do to support your family member now.Seek Family Counseling or a Support Group. If the negative impact of the disorder on your family has become too overwhelming, family counseling or a support group may be a good option. Both counseling and support groups will enable you to manage t he impact of the disorder on family life and better understand what your family member is experiencing. Counseling and support groups are usually available through a community hospital, clinic, or mental health organization. In general, taking the time to meet your own needs will give you more energy and patience to help your family member cope with SAD. If you start to feel overwhelmed, take one day at a time and focus on striking a balance between offering support and taking time for yourself.

Gender Roles In American Family Tv Research Assignment - 1100 Words

Gender Roles In American Family Tv Research Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseDateGender roles in American Family TVGender roles are societal norms that dictate what is to be done by a certain gender. They are set by society to dictate the upper and lower limits of what is regarded as right and wrong for different genders. They control and limit the type of roles which can be done by either male or females. Across different cultures , gender roles are defined and upheld differently to ensure continuity of a community. In the first episode of the modern family, the main character, Jay Prittecht has two wives and two children. The episode is based on a suburban family which is living in Los Angeles. Jay Prichetts daughter is married to Dunny and they have got three children whom they really adore (58) . The lawyer to jays son, Mitchell, is married to Cameroon TUCHER and they have adopted a daughter who has got Vietnam origin (69). The whole scenario is a representation of the current modern family. The episode develops on the basis of the situations which are being faced by many families in the real world. In the fifth episode of the Modern Family , the main theme is about family conflicts on basis of various issues. Different family members are separating from each other on the basis some unresolved issues in the family.In the Modern Family episode, Jay Prichett acts as the sole breadwinner of the family. In some scenarios, he is featured carrying luggages containing various family belongings and gifts for children. He is also responsible for making most of the decisions in the family. For example, while deciding to marry his second wife, Jay does not consult anybody but makes his own decisions and continues to actualize them. After being married, Claire is left at home by her husband and acts as a homemaker. She cleans her home and takes care of children. Such roles portray the true image of a woman as expected by the society.In most instances, Claire is seen within her home setup only doing indoor jobs. They range from cooking to cleaning dishes after every meal. Every evening, Claire welcomes her husband warmly and ensures she provides everything he wants (Andersen, Margaret78) .This character had been borrowed from her mother who had taught her to be subjective to men and always obey them. As a lady, Claire had no choice but to do everything to please her husband. Contrary to this, Jay is portrayed as a leader who is powerful and controls everything in the family. Rarely could anything happen without his concern. He was there to give guidelines and orders to what was to be done. He fully conformed to the status which the society had bestowed on him. Due his status , Jay was made the head of three families which were named after him.In the contemporary society, men are always considered to be bread winners. They are leaders in the family matters and are supposed to be respected by everybody. Men make final decisions and they have the mandate to ensure the welfare of a family . This is clearly portrayed by JAY in the first episode of Modern Family. In the fifth episode, the role of male gender is further expounded as they are implied to be independent and troublemakers. This is clearly expressed by Luke Dunphy who is constantly shooting his sister with a toy gun. Males are also given a responsibility of maintaining security. They are considered to posses more power and strength and that why they are given the mandate of working as security officers.(James Rosebm 89). In both episodes, women are portrayed as feeble creatures which have got little power in the presence of a man. Their main role is that of cooking and taking care of the family. This conforms to the society stereotype of women where they are considered to be home builders but not leaders or decision makers. In the modern family episode, Jay&eu...

Time Capsules from Renaissance and Baroque Periods

For almost two years, we have been in search of what we believed were time capsules, hidden away between the years of 1400, when the Renaissance period started, and 1750 which marks the end of the Baroque period. We are pleased to announce that our nearly twenty-four year search has ended in the discovery of two such capsules. Each of these capsules contains information, vital to the understanding of past cultures and their origins, and necessary to the development of culture today. In what we re now referring to as Cap A, we have discovered two very well known pieces of Art. One, now referred to as the world’s most famous smile, is the Mona Lisa. Leonardo Da Vinci created this masterpiece in 1503 using a style known as†¦show more content†¦He also composed and left for us, Missa Prolatium†. There was a second capsule discovered which we’ll call Capsule B. In this capsule are reminders for us of life during the Baroque Period. John Locke, who was born in 1632 and died at the age of 73, left for us his most famous works. The Essay Concerning Human Understanding tries to answer the questions where ideas come from and are our senses reliable. Another very famous, more reliable philosopher, Baruch Spinoza left behind his works in which he discredited the scriptures because he said they were all influenced by the period in which they were written. He claimed that Jesus preached a religion of reason that valued love higher that all else. He was later excommunicated. It seems, one week after his death, Peter Paul Rubens home was inventoried and there were thousands of works found inside. The Adoration of the Magi, and Sampson and Delilah were found among the collection of work. Renaissance literature that will forever be etched in our minds was discovered in this capsule. One of the greatest influences of our time left evidence of his existence. William Shakespeare deposited two of his most famous works into this capsule. Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet were these two literary masterpieces. Although Shakespeare never published any of his work, he did feel it important to leave these two plays in this capsule. Antonio Vivaldi is the creator ofShow MoreRelatedTime Capsules from the Renaissance and Baroque Time Periods Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesTwo time capsules were found during renovations of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence. One time capsule dates back to the Renaissance time period. Artifacts in this time capsule included a painting of The Birth of Venus, a lute, drawing of the Florence Cathedral’s dome, and a book called The Decameron. The second time capsule had artifacts from the Baroque time period. Artifacts in this time capsule included a painting of The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, a stage painting in an operaRead MoreEssay Time Capsule1406 Words   |  6 PagesTIME CAPSULE NAME HUM 102: Intro to the Humanities II DATE Introduction Throughout time the humanities have evolved and proof of this evolution is seen in each of the different concepts that humanities cover. There are several time capsules that are rumored to contain pieces of some of the most influential art, music, architecture, philosophy, and literature in the Renaissance and Baroque periods. To find these capsules would be to travel back in time and hold in ones hands the true measureRead MoreRenaissance Time Capsule1187 Words   |  5 PagesRenaissance Time Capsule Rodney A. Mathis HUM/102 June 2, 2014 Dr. Julie Kares Renaissance Time Capsule As part of my introduction to humanities class, I was required to probe for a concealed time capsule from both the Renaissance and the Baroque ages. Thereafter, I was required to identify at least two examples of art, music, architecture, philosophy, and literature depicted during the periods. By doing so, I expected to identify how these examples reflected world events and cultural blueprintsRead MoreArt and History: The Renaissance and the Mannerist Periods1449 Words   |  6 Pagesdrawings. this artwork has acted like a time capsule and has made it possible for people to see the views artists had on the world during their time.as technology and time progressed there was also progression in the world of art. The art of Europe comprises visual art history in Europe. Art history has been classified into time period on the basis of the techniques used and the common trends. European art has been organized into different stylistic periods which overlap each other historically as

The Theory Of Equality And The State - 1398 Words

Throughout history, equality has been a political and social concept that has drawn controversy and confusion. The cleverest minds in time have debated what exactly equality is, and how it can be customized to faultlessly serve the purpose of the government, and therefore the state. Plato, Locke, and Nietzsche are just three of the philosophers that have contributed their thoughts for this topic. The multitude of differing opinions from philosophers on the political topic of equality and the state give us many features to consider when attempting to select the main facets we deem to be correct for the state in modern times. This paper will delve into the thoughts of the three men previously mentioned and will ascertain their viewpoints on the controversy of equality and the state. Equality, as defined by Merriam-Webster means â€Å"the quality or state of having the same rights, social status, etc.† (Merriam-Webster, 2014). However, there are different values of equality, which give it a new and more in-depth meaning. Moral, economic, and social aspects all factor into the large equation that gives us the broad terms of â€Å"equal† and â€Å"equality.† Moral equality refers to equal human value, social equality refers to equivalent access to items needed to live a decent life, and economic equality refers to even living fairness when compared to money and items of value. Different philosophers choose to individually focus on various, smaller features of equality when attempting to defineShow MoreRelated Feminism Essays1237 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism Works Cited Missing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feminism is the theory that men and women should be equal, politically, economically, and socially. There are many different types of feminism and each have a profound impact on someone’s view of society. The first is cultural feminism, which is the theory that there are fundamental personality differences between men and women, and that women’s differences are special. This theory supports the idea that there are biological differences between men and womenRead MoreAristotle, Joseph Schumpeter, Milton Friedman, And John Rawls1230 Words   |  5 Pagesconcept of equality is multi-faceted and widely debated among scholars. While there is no singular definition for equality, equality deals with the distribution of some â€Å"thing† in a specific domain. For this paper, equality will be narrowed down to the domains of economic and political. It is essential to note that distinct types of equality can become conditions for equality in a differen t domain. In this case, economic equality will be analyzed as a condition for political equality. How is itRead MoreJohn Locke And Jean Jacques Rousseau Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagesaccording to which human beings begin as individuals in a state of nature, and create a society by establishing a contract whereby they agree to live together in harmony for their mutual benefit, after which they are said to live in a state of society, including concepts such as equality, fairness and equal distribution. During the Enlightenment of the 17th and 18th centuries, was when philosophers contributed to the social contract theory, as this was a time marked within history to be a time whenRead MoreDescription of All Four Feministic Theories1514 Words   |  6 PagesIn chapter twelve of the textbook titled The Moral of the Story we are faced with theories of feminism that we encounter on an everyday basis. The issue on feminism is one that has been fought for by both men and woman for many ye ars and yet still seems to be an ongoing battle to achieve full gender equality. I personally feel that gender equality is important in this world because I for myself have met women in my life who I not only look up to but who have also inspired me to keep moving forwardRead MoreJustice Means Equality For Equals And Inequality For Unequal s Equality1593 Words   |  7 PagesC.S Lewis once said â€Å"justice means equality for equals and inequality for unequal’s† . To interpret this quote we must first define what justice really means. Justice means giving each person what he or she deserves. The quote by C.S Lewis states that even though rules and regulation are made for all individuals, in one way or another difference are still made between societies and no one is known about it. In other word, those who are always treated equal, will continue to be treated equally andRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Social Justice1507 Words   |  7 Pages Equality, fairness, and equal distribution are concepts that are embedded in social justice. Individuals living in harmony for mutual benefit living in a state of society are set out by social contract. This paper will firstly show, the background of the philosophy of social justice. Then it will focus on John Rawls Theory of Justice. Secondly, It addresses the stages of the Theory of Justice, It then historical nature of social justice in conjunction with western philosophy. Lastly it will lookRead MoreThe Distributive Justice Theory Of John Rawls1391 Words   |  6 Pageseconomists have attempted to understand and address. Distinguished economists such as John Rawls, Amartya Sen, Robert Nozick, and Milton Friedman have developed their own theories of to achieve distributive justice, or a fair allocation of resources for all members of society. In Rawls’ justice as fairness and Sen’s capability theory, the economists come closest to achieving plans of distributive jus tice that retain the output-promoting effects of compensating differentials and recognizing the costsRead MoreLife Without Laws And Regulations Essay879 Words   |  4 Pagestake away our rights based on the State of nature? The social contract would introduce and maintain a controlled society in which protects people’s rights to life, liberty and protection of ones property. John Rawls a modern philosopher carries on the social contract tradition alongside philosophers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau developing his own theory of Justice that he states brings upon complete fairness and equality within society the theory of justice, developed in 1971 withRead MoreThe Fight For Equality Among Genders1687 Words   |  7 Pages THE FIGHT FOR EQUALITY Dilenny Reyes INR4603.0W59 April 27, 2015 The equality among genders is a debate that has long been fought in the international realm. Although this is time where women and men are more close to being equal than they have ever been, there are still many areas in which equality falls short. Feminism is a theory based on the rising of women in order to be equal with men. It is a theory that best represents the need for equality among the sexes. WomenRead MoreJeremy Bentham and John Stewart Mill1712 Words   |  7 Pagesis no additional value to acts that are deemed more moral or intellectual. John Stuart Mill is an advocate of the â€Å"principle of utility† and believed the ideology behind achieving happiness was acting in favor of the highest good. He presented his theory of â€Å"Utilitarianism† as the standard of morality, which distinguished what was or wasn’t morally acceptable. Mill fully adopted Bentham’s dedication to the Greatest Happiness Principle, which â€Å"holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend

The Horrors Of The Genetically Modified Organisms

Angelena Parjohn Mrs. Rochester ENG 4U1 Tuesday February 22, 2016 The Horrors Of The Genetically Modified The process of genetic engineering always involves the risk of altering the genetics and cellular functioning of a food organism in unanticipated ways. These unanticipated alterations can result in GE foods being allergenic, toxic, or reduced in nutritional value. GMO ; genetically modified organisms is a process by which recombinant DNA is retracted and used to combine with another organisms DNA to either improve or restrain certain attributes in organism. The types of potential hazards posed by GMO’s vary according to the type of organism being modified and its intended application. This can be done to either live stock by enlarging the animal to an unhealthy size or even reducing the nutrition the animal receives thus killing the animal or plantation by creating herbicides or even bacteria by altering the bacteria to create a virus resistant which could potentially create put more lives at risk rather than saving them. The process of genetically modifying organisms may be e fficient and less time consuming than organically grown organisms but it should not be used to enhance or limit any organisms as there are many negative risks that could potentially or fatally harm the organisms and the their environment. Genetically modified organisms consist of foods that humans consume, they are mixed with a variety of chemicals and are modified to taste and look a certainShow MoreRelatedGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1736 Words   |  7 PagesThe ever-expanding biotech industry has produced copious amounts of genetically modified foods (GMFs); however, this huge upswing has most questioning whether or whether not GMFs are safe. What effects do genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have on our environment, and furthermore, what effects do they have on our health? Like most every story, there are two contrasting viewpoints of genetic engineering (GE). Today, the negativities associated with GE are far more represented in the media thanRead MoreEssay Genetic Modification Food in Our Lives801 Words   |  4 Pagesof the United States of America, I have the right to know where my future hard earn money is going too. With tax money constantly being spent, we wonder where is all the money go ing too; one solution is to our foods in are local town stores. Genetically Modified Foods have surfaced into America in the early 1990’s and ever since then been a part of our lives. Approximately 80% of American processed foods contain some form of genetic modification. These products include foods, seeds, medicines and vaccinesRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Organisms1510 Words   |  7 Pagesthings like genetics and behavior has increased; our methods for growing food has grown incredibly. One of our generations greatest inventions has been genetically engineered foods. Sometimes they are called genetically modified organisms and are referred to with the acronyms GE foods (for genetic engineered) or GMO (for genetically modified organisms). These terms are interchangeable. This technology allows us to insert desirable characteristics into our crops without affecting other parts of the plantRead MoreEssay about Genetic Engineering: A Major Advancement for Mankind959 Words   |  4 Pagesincurable. Some believe that Genetic Engineering will not permitted because it can release new organisms into the natural would, be in places that was not intended, leading to unintentional consequences. In Faye Flam’s article â€Å"Advance or Horror: The First Lab Created Organism† Penn’s Caplan said â€Å"[Genetic Engineering] could also have unintended consequences when used with good intentions, especially if new organisms are let loose†. But even though there is a â€Å"chance† of having something going wrong, thereRead MoreGenetic Engineering: Major Advancement or Major Setback? Essay1340 Words   |  6 Pages Some believe that Genetic Engineering must be reprimanded because it can release new organisms into the natural world, be in places that was not intended, leading to unintentional consequences. In Faye Flam’s article â€Å"Advance or Horror: The First Lab Created Organism† Penn’s Caplan said â€Å"[Genetic Engineering] could also have unintended consequences when used with good intentions, especially if new organisms are let loose†. But even though there is a â€Å"chance† of having something going wrong, thereRead MoreAn Argument for GMOs in Foods Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pagesepisodes of the television show, quot;The Simpsonsquot;, begins with Marge, the mother, serving her family a dinner of unusually large, genetically modified foods. Shortly after dinner is served, one of the potatoes eats a carrot. Although this example is comedic hyperbole, it is still an excellent illustration of the public perception of genetically modified organisms ( GMOs) as dangerous quot;Frankenfoodsquot;. This perception is out of touch with the reality of GMOs and runs contrary to a largeRead MoreChemistry Lab And Organic Chemistry2008 Words   |  9 PagesI wonder what gave these little morsels such a juicy taste. Perhaps UCLA does but the best fruit and vegetables for their students, perhaps the oil the tomatoes bathe in give it its rich taste, or perhaps we have those hidden GMO, gentically modified organisms, that people argue over its stability. I search if there is any known gentically altered tomatoes and the search engine directed me to links that talk about a product known as the Flavr Savr. Interesting enough the product known as the FlavrRead MoreA Research Study On Patenting Genes Of Organism1819 Words   |  8 PagesPatenting Genes of Organism The advancement of technology has lead to many scientists conducting more experiments with gene modification. This has lead to scientists to isolate certain genes that may cause a certain disease, thus modified genes may change the organism in a particular way. It may help farmers with crop cultivation and reduce crop infestation. It may also help farmers to be able to cultivated crops or keep animals that are prawn to drought resistance. Before, I go in details explainRead MoreFood Culture5912 Words   |  24 PagesModern Language Association (MLA) Citation: Update: Genetically Modified Food.  Issues amp; Controversies On File:  n. pag.  Issues amp; Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 31 Dec. 2008. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. lt;http://www.2facts.com/article/i1000400gt;. Facts On File News Services automatically generated MLA citations have been updated according to the  MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th edition. American Psychological Association (APA) Citation format: The title ofRead MoreA Study On Patenting Genes Of Organism1871 Words   |  8 PagesPatenting Genes of Organism The advancement of technology has lead to many scientists conducting more experiments with gene modification. This has lead to scientists to isolate certain genes that may cause a certain disease, thus modified genes may change the organism in a particular way. It may help farmers with crop cultivation and reduce crop infestation. It may also help farmers to be able to cultivated crops or keep animals that are prawn to drought resistance. Before, I go in details explain

No Source Just Use Your Wards Dont More Than 1 Page Book Report/Review

Essays on No Source Just Use Your Wards Don't More Than 1 Page Book Report/Review The Secret Life of Walter Mitty Are you tired of daily routine? Would you like to change your ordinary daily life andtravel to unknown far destinations? Do you believe that people can make their lives much better if they think positively and do not lose opportunities? If your answers are ‘yes’, then the film The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (2013) is for you!Directed by Ben Stiller, the film traces a story of an ordinary life of an introvert photo laboratory worker Walter Mitty who is too shy to get acquainted with a woman he likes or talk back to his new manager who mocks him. One day his life radically changes when the photo for the cover page of is lost. Being responsible for the loss, Walter starts his journey which aims at finding the photo. Traveling to different countries, he discovers something more important than that†¦The film is rich in beautiful shots, wise phrases and light jokes. It is not a comedy which makes people cry because of laughter. This film p roves that all people can change their lives if they want. They can find their inspiration up in the mountains or in the storm. Just like the main character, who comes back from his journey being a totally different person, people who watch this film also get an impetus to travel and discover the world around them.It is better to watch it once than to read a lot of reviews! This film is different from others because it sends clear and positive message to all people asking them to ‘wake up’ and make their lives outstanding.

Define Industrial Revolution Free Essays

Explain the problems faced by historians in defining the term Industrial Revolution. Historians face many problems when it comes to using the term â€Å"Industrial Revolution†. There is much debate and difficulty when is comes to defining it. We will write a custom essay sample on Define Industrial Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now It opens up many questions and there are many contributing factors and areas to consider. Can it be considered a revolution when it occurred over quite a long period of time? When did it start? What were the causes of it? Many historians have differing opinions on each question. A revolution can be defined as â€Å"a sudden or grand change† (oxford dictionairies. om). Wordiq. com defined the Industrial revolution as â€Å"the massive social[-0], economic[-1], and technological[-2] change in the 18th century[-3] and 19th century[-4] within Great Britain,† This indicates that it was a grand change but not a sudden one. It was spread out over two centuries. There are two approaches that historians either support. The first is the revolutionary approach. Writers, such as Deane and Cole (1967) saw the industrial revolution as a period of great expansion, and they said that there certainly was a rapid growth of production in leading sectors. They therefore supported the revolutionary approach. Rostow (1960) used the term â€Å"take off† when defining the industrial revolution. He believed that there was a take off phase within the country at the beginning of the industrial revolution. The other approach is the gradualist approach. This approach obviously indicates that ii wasn’t has rapid and debates that it was more gradual. Crafts (1985) believed that it was a time of slow improvement therefore supporting the gradualist approach. He believed it was slower, particularly socially; standards of living and wages did not improve. He also claimed that modernisation in Britain was sluggish, because demand and consumption only grew very slow during the claimed period. Wrigley (2004) is also of the gradualist school of thought. He argues that fundamental changes did occur in certain areas but that it wasn’t seen all over the country. A further debate concerns when the industrial revolution started. Most historians agree that it occurred during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century but no one date can actually be pinpointed as to when it all commenced. So was it the causes that started the industrial revolution and what were they? Factories were being built and they were certainly on the up rise during the late eighteenth century. Cotton and textiles in general moved more to the factory setting and away from the domestic system. Hobsbawn (1968) is quoted as saying â€Å"that whoever says industrial revolution says cotton†. Foster (1974) claims that the revolution began because of factories being built. To counteract Foster, Rule (1986) said that factories had existed before 1750 in isolated examples, which was pre-industrial revolution. This still doesn’t explain why the number of factories increased during the industrial revolution and whether they were the cause of the revolution. Another possible explanation as to why the industrial revolution occurred is that it was during a time when inventions were popular. John Kay invented the Flying Wheel in 1733; this speeded up the process of weaving. In 1765 James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny; that made spinning more efficient. They were still manual items and they took time to be introduced to manufacturers and potential factory owners. Methods of powering them were invented next. Richard Arkwright was first to use a water frame to mechanise spinning. He opened up a factory in 1771 and was able to produce material at a much larger scale. They certainly contributed to the increase in factories at the time but did they cause the revolution? Other historians believe it was steam power that caused the revolution. Inventors James Watt and Thomas Newcomen introduced the concept of steam to power machinery. They used coal to produce the steam. This made the machinery more efficient and increased production furthermore. Factories were also able to move away from sources of water and nearer places were coal was present. This method was put into action around 1785 when it was used to operate a spinning mill. So both water and coal and their use played a vital part in the revolution. Regardless of what caused the industrial revolution there were some great innovations that contributed to its onset; but do they help us define the industrial revolution? Rule (1986) states that â€Å"to most people the essence of an industrial revolution lies in the transformation through technology of manufacturing and it’s reorganisation into the new factory mode. There are plenty of other areas to discuss about the industrial revolution, which can open up further debate. Other areas to consider include why it started in Britain first, did it occur in other industries? What changed socially for the people? Population increased rapidly over the period discussed. Did the industrial revolution occur to meet their n eeds? The debates can go on and on and thus explains why historians will always face problems when it comes to defining the term ‘the industrial revolution’. Bibliography Crafts, Nicholas F. R. 1985) British Economic Growth During the Industrial Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press .Deane and Cole (1962) cited in Wrigley E. A. (2004) Poverty, Progress and Population. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Foster (1974) Class Struggle and the Industrial Revolution. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London .Hobsbawn (1968) Industry and Empire. Penguin group, London. Industrial revolution. http//www. wordiq. com/definition/industrial_revolution. Date accessed 14/10/2011 Revolution definition. http://oxforddictionaries. com/definition/revolution. Date accessed 14/10/2011 Rostow (1960) cited in Wrigley E. A. (2004) Poverty, Progress and Population. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Rule (1986) The labouring Classes in Early Industrial England 1750-1850. Longman Group, Harlow Wrigley E. A. (2004) Poverty, Progress and Population. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge [-0] – http://www. wordiq. com/definition/Social [-1] – http://www. wordiq. com/definition/Economic [-2] – http://www. wordiq. com/definition/Technology [-3] – http://www. wordiq. com/definition/18th_century [-4] – http://www. wordiq. com/definition/19th_century How to cite Define Industrial Revolution, Papers

Peculiarities of Euphemisms in English free essay sample

Euphemism is used to replace an unpleasant word or expression by a conveniently more acceptable one. For example the word to die has the following euphemisms: to expire, to pass away, to depart, to join the majority, to kick the bucket, etc†¦ . Euphemisms are words or expressions that speakers substitute for taboo words in order to avoid a direct connotations with topics that are embarrassing, frightening or uncomfortable: God, the devil, sex, death, money, war, crime or religion. These topics seem to be cross cultural. A linguistic consequence of cultural taboos is the creation of euphemisms. The euphemism as a linguistic phenomenon shows no signs of disappearing. In present-day English euphemisms are mostly based on some social and ethical standard of behavior, on the desire not to hurt people‘s feelings (lodger- paying guest), to soften painful news, and very often superstition. A prominent source of synonymic attraction is still furnished by interjections and swearing address to God. We will write a custom essay sample on Peculiarities of Euphemisms in English or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Euphemisms always tend to be a source of new formations because after a short period of use the new term becomes so closely connected with the notion that it turns into a word as obnoxious as the earlier synonym. The aim of our work is to investigate the sources , the use and translation of euphemisms. We concentrate our attention on political texts. Euphemisms are difficult for the non- native speaker to learn in isolation from their original source. Grouping of euphemisms into categories according to a particular theme facilitates the process of learning. In my diploma paper we have set forth to study the use and translation of euphemisms and doubletalk in modern political articles at a deeper level, their types and ways of their translation from English into Russian in everyday life of humanity. The objective of the work is an attempt to study all the aspects of euphemisms and doubletalk, the cases of their usage and to analyze the frequency and variability of euphemisms and double talk usage referring to different social fields in various sources. To achieve the set aim we determined the following tasks: to search the origin of euphemisms ; to study the problem of euphemisms; to understand the aim of the modern usage of euphemisms; to distinguish different kinds of euphemisms; to study the ways of formation of euphemisms; to analyze the political sources for the presence of euphemisms; to investigate difficulties and peculiarities while processing translation of euphemisms. The work consists of Introduction, three chapters, conclusion and annex. Chapter I is a theoretical one. Here we speak about the euphemisms and their influence on the ambiguity of a sentence and present different classifications of euphemisms. We also investigate the connection of euphemisms and logic, equivocal words and ambiguity. Chapter II is an analytical one. This chapter deals with the sources of appearance of euphemisms. We speak here about the language of political correctness which is often the main source of euphemisms. We also investigate equivocal words, obscurity and officialese because they also help euphemisms to appear in the language. It reveals the role of ambiguities in articles about religion, of social issues and politics. Euphemistic language develops in the process of communication and depending on by whom it is used, in what situation, in what society. The subject of communication plays an important role in using of a language. Tendencies of language suppose a various lexis and intonation depending on with whom you communicate. We communicate with the help of words, mimes, gestures, Manners of communication have a great meaning too. It’s Not What You Say, It’s How You Say It. Double talk is a language deliberately constructed to disguise its actual meaning, usually from government, military. It is a newspaper language. It is devoted to the investigation connected with the different approaches to the classification of idioms, their structural and semantic characteristics. Chapter III is the practical one. It is the most important chapter, which represents a detailed investigation of translation euphemisms that cause ambiguities. It reveals the role of the political articles in everyday life of the humanity which are believed to be interesting and useful for future translator. It also reveals the methods of translation of political articles with purpose to make it easier for translator to achieve adequate translation into the native language. It also gives some hints at translation of terms and set expression and their behavior in political literature. We think the role of euphemisms and double talk represents a great value for their exploring and that issue which we reveal in my diploma thesis is very actual in our political life. Language is a soul of a man. It is necessary not only to transmit every word, thought, but also to express the emotive state and courage of certain article; to save its national color and expressiveness having set out a system of the language and peculiarities of foreign speech with the help of the native language. People have to broaden without bounds their opportunities of translation, to create irreproachable and immense torehouses of information. The main methods of research are descriptive, comparative, the method of analysis and synthesis. But we consider that the study of euphemisms is impossible without using contextual-logical analysis. In The Kings English euphemism is defined as the substitution of mild or vague expression for harsh or blunt one. In The Romance of Words, Professor Ernest Weekley speaks of euphemism as that form of speech which avoids calling things by their names and observes that it results from various human instincts which range from religious reverence down to common decency. Often, I fear, it springs from nothing so decent as either reverence or decency: too often it is an indication of prudery or an exaggerated genteelism. It is quite clear that if there were no synonyms, there would be no euphemisms and no obscenity ( Rees N. ,2007,p. 77). If it were made compulsory to use one word and one word only for to defecate, to urinate, to die, to kill, to copulate, and their nouns, as well as for certain bodily parts (especially the genitals), the squeamish would be reduced to using gestures and then, by force of public opinion and by a growing shamefacedness, to employing the sole terms. The same thing would apply to obscenities, which, after that all, represent merely the polar counterparts of euphemisms. But let us pass from speculation to fact. Three writers have written pertinently and clearly and suggestively on the subject: Professors I. Allen, Umberto Eco, and Professor V. Zegarac. I. Allen pointed out that, contrary to rather general impression, one of the most distinctive features of sophisticated speech, as distinguished from unsophisticated speech in our time, is the absence of squeamishness and the ready courage to name things directly.

Cultural Competence Provision Of Healthcare-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cultural Competence Provision Of Healthcare? Answer: Introducation As per previous studies, causes of disparities in providing healthcare to patients of minority race or ethnic groups are multifarious in United States. Notably, social determinants of health are more responsible for poor health conditions than the system of healthcare delivery. The objective of the chosen article is to suggest interventions into the healthcare system that make it culturally competent. Cultural competence in health care means: thoroughly comprehending the pertinent socio-cultural influences on health related behaviors and beliefs of patients; Considering how the factors work on several levels of the health care delivery programs; and, finally, developing strategic interventions that take into account these issues to assure standard level of health care delivery to patients across diversified ethnic and racial groups. At the organizational level, the work force of the healthcare delivery department can be made culturally competent through inclusion of representatives of the patients population. At the structural level, employing interpreters and correct cultural and linguistic appropriation of the healthcare materials can ensure proper delivery of healthcare services. At the clinical level, cross-cultural training can be conducted to equip psychology with diverse health beliefs and behaviors of the patients to enable them to understand the patients and deliver proper diagnoses and prescriptions. Anticipation of major demographic changes in coming decades magnified the importance of studying disparities in minority communit ys provision of healthcare: a simple, practical guide is direly needed by the governmental and private healthcare providers alike as the tension is mounting with overwhelming literature highlighting this problem. Reference: Betancourt, J.R., Green, A.R., Carrillo, J.E. management Owusu Ananeh-Firempong, I.I., 2016. Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public health reports.

Critique Of Life In Mexico Essays - Identity, Fanny Hill

Critique Of Life In Mexico In her many letters, and through her journals, Fanny Calderon de la Barca has left us a very informative eyewitness account of nineteenth century Mexico. Although these writings can be very useful in studying this period of time, it is important to note some of the factors that may have affected what she wrote. Fanny Calderon de la Barca's own social identity was one of the factors that had the most profound impact on her writings and observations. It is because of this social identity that her writings can be used advantageously as a source for social history?However, it is the same social identity that will help alter and be disadvantageous to using her work as a source for social history. Through examples of her writing this paper will argue these merits and show how this work can and can not be used as a source for social history. It is important to understand Fanny de la Barca's social identity, in order to help clarify the pros and con's of her work. She was the fifth child of ten born. Her father was well to do landowner, as well as a legal writer in Scotland. Her mother was related to the Earl of Buchan, in addition to other noble Scottish families (pg.5). She was very well educated as a child. She did see and face some adversity growing up. This adversity and experiences help to shape her social identity, and her as a person. Her family went bankrupt, they were forced to move, soon after her father passed away. Her family moved to Boston where the remaining family members, her included, started a school. The school was temporarily successful and then closed due to a mishap. The family then moved yet again to Staten Island. Her childhood was filled with ups and downs. Throughout it all she maintained a positive attitude and grew as a result. It is obvious that losing a loved, especially one as close as a p arent will have a profound impact on a person. Seeing her family go bankrupt and having to move many times has showed Fanny that anything can happen at anytime, even if your are financially secure. Experiencing these ups and downs in her family life helped to open her eyes to the trials and tribulations of others. This is apparent in her writing. She was able to understand better and sympathize with the people she would come in contact with. The moving around probably made her later travelling life much easier to become accustomed to. She never really settled anyplace for an extended period of time. Although Fanny was an outside observer, she was able to work objectively on the many things she saw and people she met. However, because of the time period she some times couldn't write exactly what she wanted to, especially when it came to certain government issues. Due to her husband's respected position in society she was able to meet many important people, generals and leaders. They were received and treated with respect just about everywhere. Sometimes even with a twenty-one gun salute, like the one from the Jason. She was able to make observations of what she saw as they traveled from place to place. This treatment had its own impact on her writing. Although she noted some of the negative things that she saw, such as the smoke blackened buildings on the way to Vera Cruz, etc., she and her husband almost always stayed in a nice and comfortable place or house. This kept her from witnessing and experiencing some of the problems firsthand. Also a lot of the information she gathered was from generals and governors, people such as Santa Anna. These were not true firsthand accounts from peasants and other lower class families. For this reason her information may have been biased. She was really analyzing the opinions of higher ups, and may have received tainted information, or limited access, in certain situations. An example would have been Mexico's breaking from Spain, the revolution and how it happened. Her own childhood experiences may have helped her in using her own insight on certain topics. This helped her form opinions where she

How to Extend (or Decline) an Invitation in French

How to Extend (or Decline) an Invitation in French There are a number of different ways to extend, accept, and refuse invitations in French, with a tone that is either formal or informal.   The verb choice, word choice, and sentence structure  all play a big part in how invitations and responses are expressed. Role of Verb Tense and Mood, Person, Tone, and Structure Formal: In more formal invitations and responses, the speakers seek the highest standards of politeness and so choose sentences using the very polite conditional mood in the main clause. Whats more, the polite vous of the main verb is preferred, and the language is more elevated throughout.  Sentences also tend to be more complex in more formal communications. Informal: In informal invitations and responses, the simple present tense in any part of the sentence or phrase  is adequate to convey the intended message, meaning, and casual mood. Whats more, the main verb uses the informal tu form, and the language is light and often breezy.  Sentences or phrases tend to be short and to the point. Extending an Invitation In the phrases that follow, the blank ___ must be filled with an infinitive in French. In English, however, youd add either an infinitive or a gerund- depending on the verb that precedes it. Again, notice the difference in sentence structure for formal versus informal invitations and responses. Vous nous feriez trà ¨s plaisir si vous pouviez nous consacrer une soirà ©e. (formal) We would be delighted if you could spend an evening with us.Nous serions trà ¨s heureux de vous accueillir chez nous. (formal)   We would be very happy to welcome you to our home.Je vous invite ___ (formal) /  Je tinvite ___  (informal)   I invite you to ___Êtes-vous libre ? (formal) /  Tu es libre ? (informal) Are you free?Avez-vous envie de ___ (formal)   Do you want to ___?Tu as envie de ___ ?  (formal)   Do you feel like ___?Ça te dit de ___ ? (informal)   How does ___ sound?Et si on (mange, voit un film)  ?  (informal)   How about (eating, seeing a movie)?Venez donc ___ (formal) /  Viens donc ___  Ã‚  Come and ___Rà ©ponse souhaità ©eRSVP  (Rà ©pondez sil vous plaà ®t) Accepting an Invitation Bonne idà ©e  ! (informal)   Good idea!Ça va à ªtre gà ©nial  ! (informal)   Thatll be cool!Ça va à ªtre sympa  ! (informal)  Ã‚  Thatll be nice!Cela me ferait grand plaisir.   I would be delighted.Cest gentil (de votre part).   Thats kind (of you).Daccord.   OK.Jaccepte avec plaisir.   I accept with pleasure. / Ill be happy to come.Je viendrai avec plaisir.   I will be glad to come.Je vous remercie. I  thank you. / Thank you.Oui, je suis libre.   Yes, Im free. Declining an Invitation Je me vois malheureusement obligà © de refuser. (formal)  Ã‚  Unfortunately, Im obliged to decline.Cest dommage, mais ___  Ã‚  Its too bad, but ___Cest gentil, mais ___  Ã‚  Thats kind, but ___Dà ©solà ©, mais ___  Ã‚  Im sorry, but ___Jai quelque chose de prà ©vu.   I have something planned.Je ne peux pas.   I cant.Je ne peux pas me libà ©rer.   Im unavoidably busyJe ne suis pas libre.   Ã‚  Im not freeJe suis occupà ©.   Im busy.Je suis pris.   Im otherwise engaged. Invitation-Related Verbs accepter (avec plaisir)   to accept  (gladly, with pleasure)  accueillir to welcomeinviter   to inviteune invitation   invitationrefuser   to decline

Scandinavian Settlement in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Scandinavian Settlement in Britain - Essay Example The Danish settlement of the territory of Five Boroughs was mainly considered simply and solely for their military character and the settlements were considered as results of the settling of the members of the army. Stenton and many others considered the hybrid names arose when the Danish army divided the land when they chose it for settlement. There was little consideration for the immigration angle. The historical significance of the Grimson-Hybrid, a term which has been given to those place names in which the first element is a Scandinavian personal name and the second element is Old English tus, is interpreted by Sir Frank Stenton and Dr. F. T. Wainright. Stenton pointed out their distribution in Nottignhamshire, their geographical positions, their historical background and suggested that it is unlikely that the villages with such names denoted new settlements of the Danes, but it is possible that they denoted acquirement of English villages by the Danish owner when the Danish Army divided out the land which it has chosen for settlement. But he argued that it does not mean that the English peasantry had been desettled by the Danish lords. He further argued that name of those villages were influenced by the local circumstances like the relative number of Englishmen and Danes lived thereby. Dr. Wainright, while accepting this theory pointed out that they are representative of an early phase of Scandinavian settlement. ... Wainright agreed to an argument put forward by Ekwall that there may have been many Danes where the hybrids occur, but there was also a powerful English element in the local population. Wainright felt that the Crimson-hybrids represented the movement of Danes from their initial settlements into English populated areas and where they met and mingled with them. Wainright argued that linguistically the Danes were strong enough to influence but not strong enough to dominate the English. He cites example of the linguistic balance illustrated by names, which appear with -bi in Domesday Book, but later changed to -ton to substantiate his argument. However Professor Hugh smith suggested that the names of the new Danish owners of those villages replaced those of the disposed English owners. Mr. Kenneth Cameron added one more dimension while agreeing to Stenton's argument that is of choice of site. He gave examples of Dove and Trent, which were on excellent agricultural land. Mr. P. H. Sawyer, challenging the theory of importance of the Grimston-hybrids as evidence for Scandinavian settlement, argued that Men of English descent also borne Scandinavian personal names in England and it can not be construed from the hybrid names that they are evidence of Scandinavian settlement. He was true in this context. In the history of English it is seen that Scandinavian personal names were adopted into general use and their use does not necessarily prove the racial origin of the men and women who bore them. To negate Sawyer's argument, it can be demonstrated that Grimston-hybrids fall into well defined topographical patterns and that they do show correlations to other names in the same areas. It also can be demonstrated that they are not

The Opportunities and Challenges of Transforming Government Entities Literature review

The Opportunities and Challenges of Transforming Government Entities into Smart Organizations - Literature review Example The factor of sustainability is an essential component in these transformations to smart organizations as more focus is on the environment, social, financial and political sustainability. However, while undertaking an initiative to transform government entities into smart organizations there are diverse challenges which are observed that restricts the path to attain specific goals or to sustain service. These challenges are linked with various fields and are often the primary cause behind the failure of smart government initiatives. In this particular study, not only will the opportunities be highlighted which is associated with such transformation but it will even encompass the probable challenges that can be regarded as an area of concern for such government entities. Smart government initiative can be considered to be an agenda which is echoed by everybody in the present scenario due to various reasons. It is an initiative that is undertaken so as to apply information technology, communication and operation across a wide range of jurisdictions, processes, and domains, with only one purpose, that is to generate sustainable public value (Hevner & Chatterjee, 2010, pp. 27). The two factors which are common in any smart government initiative are flexibility and effectiveness. The success of any such initiative is major because of its alignment with mission, the effectiveness of service and operational efficiency which provides required flexibility in any particular situation. This study will outline the various approaches related to the smart government which is taking place in different countries along with Dubai. In the end, a conceptual model will be incorporated to determine the failure and success factors related to smart government. Further analysis conducted in this study will be based on the adopted conceptual framework.  

Advantages and disadvantages of Private labels for Reliance Retail Ltd

Advantages and disadvantages of Private labels for Reliance Retail Ltd Indian retail sector is valued at US$ 353 billion in 2009 2010 and is projected to reach US$ 543.2 billion by 2014. The Indian retail sector is the second-largest employer after agriculture IBEF Retail (2010), and this sector is primarily much unorganized / traditional. Organized retail in India is still in the nascent stage with only 5% penetration, The retailer, Ernst Young, Jan (2009) and this signifies the immense potential this holds for growth. Traditional Kirana stores (small mom-and-pop general stores) are now being replaced by large format stores like Hypermarkets, Supermarkets and other Specialty stores and these shifts is mainly due to the increased consumer expectations increase in the consumer class and will grow nearly from 50 million at present to 583 million by 2025. As discussed earlier Indian retail sector is highly unorganized and the access of modern retail is very negligible (5% penetration). And with the relaxation of Government policies pertaining to retail sector and with more addition of retail space every year will definitely boost the growth of modern / organized retail in India. And even the mindsets of Indian consumers are changing they are now very demanding in terms of value and a shift from low price goods to more focus on convenience and all this with a superior shopping experience, also they are more brand conscious these days. IBEF Retail, (2010) There are only a handful of organized key retailers in the Indian retail sector: Group Store Brands Tata Landmark(books and music), Croma( electronics), World of Titan (watches), Tanishq(jewellery), Titan Eye+ (eye wear),Westside (lifestyle retail store), Star Bazaar (hypermarket), Fashion Yatra (fashion store) Reliance Group Reliance Fresh (neighborhood store), Reliance Super (mini-mart), Reliance Mart (supermarket), Reliance Digital (consumer durables and information technology), Reliance TimeOut (books, music and entertainment), Reliance Trends (apparel and accessories), Reliance Wellness (health, wellness and beauty), iStore (Apple products), Reliance Footprint (footwear), Reliance Jewels, Reliance Living (home ware, furniture) and Reliance AutoZone (automotive products and services) Future Group Central (shopping mall), Big Bazaar (hypermarket), Pantaloons (fashion outlet), Blue Sky (sunglasses), eZone(electronics), KBs Fair Price (essential products), Navaras(jewellery), Planet Store (multi-brand sports and lifestyle speciality retail), aLL(fashion garments), Ethnicity (Indian ethnic wear), Home Town (home needs), Furniture Bazaar (furniture), Electronics Bazaar (electronics), Home Bazaar, Collection I (furniture), Brand Factory (multi-brand readymade apparels), Gen M One Mobile (cell phones), M-Port (electronics), Shoe Factory (footwear) and Depot (books and music) Few more to the list would be players like RPG group, K Raheja group, Landmark group, Bharti group, Mahindra group, Aditya Birla group and Vishal retail. IBEF Retail, (2010) In 2009 Reliance Retail as a part of its growth strategy planned to introduce Private labels in FMCG segment for selling in its retail stores (Livemint.com 2009). In view of the above it is decided to carry out a study to weigh the existing opportunity for Reliance Retail Ltd, acquisitions if any? And to evaluate the benefits of introduction of Private labels in its retail stores. Conceptual underpinnings of the research Retailing amongst the worlds biggest industries. From the marketing standpoint retailers are closer to consumers than the manufacturers (Reynolds 2004b, p.3). Many factors are accountable for the current changes in the modern retail management. Many large retailers have huge turnovers and employee strengths Wal-Mart employs 1.8 million worldwide and Carrefour the largest European retailer (no.2) has more than 12,000 stores across the globe. Joachim Zentes, (2007). ESTABLISHED FORMATS: Kirana stores Departmental stores Evolution of Retail in India: EMERGING FORMATS: Hypermarkets Supermarkets Specialty storesetc CONVENTIONAL FORMATS: Melas Mandis The advantages of Private Label: The key advantage from a retailer perspective could be the Private labels will fill the needs gap that is present in the market place unique product or a differentiated product in the market place. The critical aspect of the private label for the retailer is that it gives the retailer a higher profit margin than what is offered on other brands. Though the Private label introduction may not always be advantageous to the retailer as they may face hostile response from other brand manufacturers and hence the retailer must have a good monetary base Swapna Pradhan,(2008) Mergers Acquisitions: Both these terms are used as though they were identical, but in real sense they are both different. An acquisition occurs when one company takes over the management of another business clearly establishing itself as the new owner of that firm. Merger occurs when two companies agree mutually to work together as a single entity going forward. This can be mergers of two companies of equal size or unequal sizes Edward Gerald, (2005) Companies through Mergers Acquisitions can expect to achieve: Edward Gerald, (2005) Competitive advantage over others Increase its market share / profitability To enter new markets / geographies Access to latest technology / talent Diversification into new businesses Purpose The key focus of this study is to explore: The advantages / disadvantages for Reliance Retail Ltd after introducing Private labels? And also explore if there is any scope for growth by inorganic means. SWOT for Reliance Retail Ltd Research questions What are the advantages / disadvantages for Reliance Retail Ltd with the introduction of Private Label? Is there any opportunity for Reliance for acquisitions in retail space? Scope of the present research project: The current study is carried out at the Reliance Fresh outlets located in Bangalore, India, due to restrictions and limited time available. Such a study can also be carried out at Reliance fresh stores across all the major Indian cities. Section -2: Research methodology 2.1 Research strategy Research methodology is a systematic method of solving a research problem. It includes the set of methods and techniques required to approach a particular research problem. In general marketing research process can be split into the following broad steps: Ranjit Kumar,(2005) Data Collection Research Design Problem Definition Data Analysis Report Presentation 2.2 Sampling Sampling can be defined as a process of drawing conclusions to the whole but by only probing a part of it Ranjan Kumar, (1996). Private Labels has already been introduced by few of retail giants here in India and Mergers Acquisitions in Indian retail space is almost negligible in order to probe further into this Reliance fresh outlets (Store Managers) in Bangalore will be contacted. And Convenience sampling will be used as the sampling technique as this will be more appropriate for such a study. The sample size of 15 Reliance fresh stores has been selected here. 2.3 Data collection Data collection forms an important part of any research project. Data can either be from Primary or Secondary sources. Primary data refers to the data collected by the researcher in context to the research and these are mainly collected through a structured Questionnaire consisting of both open ended and closed ended questions. For the current study primary data forms the core. The questionnaire will be sent to the concerned personnel via email and also based on requirement they may also be contacted on their phones. Secondary data can be from trade associations, journals, news articles and other research information providers like IBEF (Indian brand equity foundation) 2.4 Data analysis Data obtained from the sources will be processed to obtain information using which the researcher will arrive at a conclusion and make his recommendations / give insights (Decision making) to the client. 2.5 Validity and Reliability Validity and Reliability are often associated with each other. Reliability is defined as any test or procedure yielding the same output for a given set of repeated trials. Reliability does not mean Validity. Validity in general refers to the concepts conclusions that correspond to the real world. Edward Richard, (1986) 2.6 Access The research is primarily based on the ease of data accessibility and for this research store managers of Reliance Retail Ltd in Bangalore will be contacted either by sending the questionnaire via email or by contacting them on phones and prior to this we are required to fix a suitable time slot with the Store manager for the interview. And the final output from this study will be shared with all the Store managers who has been interviewed during this study. 2.7 Gantt Chart Task Description Weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 Literature Review 1.1 Workshop on user needs 1.2 Draft of methodology 1.3 Evaluation of methodology 2 Specification of Integrated System 2.1 Inventory of resources in selected regions 2.2 Review of existing facilities 2.3 Specify technical developments required 2.4 Impact analysis of different scenarios 2.5 Prepare detailed business plans 3 Feasibility Studies for each region    3.1 Review existing practices    3.2 Review technologies (state of the art)    3.3 Sensitivity analysis of scenarios    3.4 Report on most suitable options 4 Project Management and Coordination Dissemination of information: Workshops Milestones and Deliverables Guideline for methodology Interim Reports Business Plans for four regions Draft Public Workshop on results Final Report

Competitive Analysis of Starbucks

When would a firm choose to operate on a transnational basis? Under what circumstances would a firm use a localization strategy? When would an international strategy be employed? Support your answers with examples. Firms look to operate on a transnational basis primarily to penetrate into foreign markets and expand their business. After tasting success at home, several firms make investments to expand globally in order to attain market share and boost revenues.Transnational companies have coordinating and operation-controlling power in multiple countries, even if they do not own them. General Motors, Ford, and Wal-Mart are amongst the world’s largest transnational companies. Japan, North America, and Western Europe account for about three quarters of the world’s transnational companies. When operations go international, localization strategy takes center-stage for firms. Firms use a localization strategy when they counter differences in management styles and cultural pr actices.Localization strategy is used by firms to adapt and cater to the choices and expectations of foreign customers and quickly occupy new markets. McDonald for instance, which operates in 119 countries, is a good example of a company that maintains its global brand identity successfully by using a localization strategy to adapt to the tastes and temperaments of diverse cultures across the globe. In short, localization strategy helps a firm deliver a unique customer experience that exceeds geographical boundaries.An international strategy is employed by a firm to create value through core competency transfer to a foreign market in which native competitors are not equipped with those competencies. Typically, a firm comes up with an innovative product and introduces it into the foreign market. As the demand for the product increases, the firm begins to export the product. As foreign competitors start production, the firm starts production abroad. The firm then standardizes producti on and relocates it to countries with low cost production opportunities.Xerox and Proctor and Gamble are examples of companies that followed this model and implemented an international strategy. References: http://www. slideshare. net/clemaitre/tn-cs http://www. ibscdc. org/Case%20Studies/Abstracts/Strategy/Corporate%20Strategy/COS0043. htm http://classes. bus. oregonstate. edu/ba447/Gonzalez%20(Winter%2008)/BA%20447%20-%20day%201. ppt How do the 4 Ps of marketing differ in a global business environment? Give examples from your own organization or one you are familiar with.The 4 Ps of marketing, namely: product, price, placement, and promotion vary widely in a global business environment as firms attempt to get their marketing mix just right so that they sell the right products, at the right prices and places, using promotion methods that are most suitable. A global company like Coca-Cola for instance essentially creates a single product and tweaks it differently for different marke ts. The sugar and corn syrup formulas of Coca-Cola are packaged using the contour bottle design with the dynamic ribbon in different shapes and forms.Coca-Cola bottles in some countries come in standard beverage-bottle sizes of those countries, with wording in native language as well. The price of a Coca-Cola varies from market to market due to production costs, ingredient costs, delivery costs, expected profit margins, competition, and so on. Coca-Cola’s product placement varies from country to country based on how the company wants to offer competition in the targeted market. Vending machines are not common in all countries and in US for instance, Coca-Cola is sold by the pallet through warehouse stores; however, in countries like India, such an option does not apply.Coca-Cola has moved away from the idea of sending the same message across globally in the wake of its global promotion strategy failure. Coca-Cola uses customized promotional strategies and regional themes inst ead of universal ones in order to counter varied language and cultural barriers of the global market. References: http://www. thetimes100. co. uk/downloads/theory/marketing_mix_(price,_place,_promotion,_product). pdf http://www. stamfordonline. com. my/courses/dba/dba206/DBA%20206%20Week%2010%20&

Primary education Essay

Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of others, but may also be autodidactic. Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. A right to education has been recognized by some governments. At the global level, Article 13 of the United Nations’ 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Etymology Etymologically, the word â€Å"education† is derived from the Latin educatio from educo which is related to the homonym educo from e- and †duco . Type of education Education can take place in formal or informal educational settings. Formal education Systems of schooling involve institutionalized teaching and learning in relation to a curriculum, which itself is established according to a predetermined purpose of the schools in the system. Schools systems are sometimes also based on religions, giving them different curricula. Curriculum. In formal education, a curriculum is the set of courses and their content offered at a school or university. As an idea, curriculum stems from the Latin word for race course, referring to the course of deeds and experiences through which children grow to become mature adults. A curriculum is prescriptive, and is based on a more general syllabus which merely specifies what topics must be understood and to what level to achieve a particular grade or standard. An academic discipline is a branch of knowledge which is formally taught, either at the university–or via some other such method. Each discipline usually has several sub-disciplines or branches, and distinguishing lines are often both arbitrary and ambiguous. Examples of broad areas of academic disciplines include the natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, social sciences, humanities and applied sciences. Educational institutions may incorporate fine arts as part of K-12 grade curricula or within majors at colleges and universities as electives. The various types of fine arts are music, dance, and theater. Preschools The term preschool refers to a school for children who are not old enough to attend kindergarten. It is a nursery school. Preschool education is important because it can give a child the edge in a competitive world and education climate. While children who do not receive the fundamentals during their preschool years will be taught the alphabet, counting, shapes and colors and designs when they begin their formal education they will be behind the children who already possess that knowledge. The true purpose behind kindergarten is â€Å"to provide a child-centered, preschool curriculum for three to seven year old children that aimed at unfolding the child’s physical, intellectual, and moral nature with balanced emphasis on each of them. † This period of education is very important in the formative years of the child. Teachers with special skills and training are needed at this time to nurture the children to develop their potentials. Primary schools Primary education consists of the first 5–7 years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or eight years of schooling starting at the age of five or six, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 89% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising. Under the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education. The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age. Some education systems have separate middle schools, with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen. Schools that provide primary education, are mostly referred to as primary schools. Primary schools in these countries are often subdivided into infant schools and junior school. In India, compulsory education spans over twelve years, out of which children receive elementary education for 8 years. Elementary schooling consists of five years of primary schooling and 3 years of upper primary schooling. Various states in the republic of India provide 12 years of compulsory school education based on national curriculum framework designed by the National Council of Educational Research and Training. Secondary schools In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education comprises the formal education that occurs during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, â€Å"post-secondary†, or â€Å"higher† education for adults. Depending on the system, schools for this period, or a part of it, may be called secondary or high schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, middle schools, colleges, or vocational schools. The exact meaning of any of these terms varies from one system to another. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education also varies from country to country and even within them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of schooling. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. In the United States, Canada and Australia primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 education, and in New Zealand Year 1–13 is used. The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to prepare for higher education or to train directly in a profession. The emergence of secondary education in the United States did not happen until 1910, caused by the rise in big businesses and technological advances in factories, that required skilled workers. In order to meet this new job demand, high schools were created, with a curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for white collar or skilled blue collar work. This proved to be beneficial for both employers and employees, for the improvement in human capital caused employees to become more efficient, which lowered costs for the employer, and skilled employees received a higher wage than employees with just primary educational attainment. In Europe, grammar schools or academies date from as early as the 16th century, in the form of public schools, fee-paying schools, or charitable educational foundations, which themselves have an even longer history. Alternative Alternative education, also known as non-traditional education or educational alternative, is a broad term that may be used to refer to all forms of education outside of traditional education . This may include not only forms of education designed for students with special needs, but also forms of education designed for a general audience and employing alternative educational philosophies and methods. Alternatives of the latter type are often the result of education reform and are rooted in various philosophies that are commonly fundamentally different from those of traditional compulsory education. While some have strong political, scholarly, or philosophical orientations, others are more informal associations of teachers and students dissatisfied with certain aspects of traditional education. These alternatives, which include charter schools, alternative schools, independent schools, homeschooling and autodidacticism vary, but often emphasize the value of small class size, close relationships between students and teachers, and a sense of community. Alternative education may also allow for independent learning and engaging class activities. Special. In the past, those who were disabled were often not eligible for public education. Children with disabilities were often educated by physicians or special tutors. These early physicians set the foundation for special education today. They focused on individualized instruction and functional skills. Special education was only provided to people with severe disabilities in its early years, but more recently it has been opened to anyone who has experienced difficulty learning. Vocational Vocational education is a form of education focused on direct and practical training for a specific trade or craft. Vocational education may come in the form of an apprenticeship or internship as well as institutions teaching courses such as carpentry, agriculture, engineering, medicine, architecture and the arts. Informal education Autodidacticism Autodidacticism is self-directed learning that is related to but different from informal learning. In a sense, autodidacticism is â€Å"learning on your own† or â€Å"by yourself†, and an autodidact is a self-teacher. Autodidacticism is a contemplative, absorbing process. Some autodidacts spend a great deal of time reviewing the resources of libraries and educational websites. One may become an autodidact at nearly any point in one’s life. While some may have been informed in a conventional manner in a particular field, they may choose to inform themselves in other, often unrelated areas. Notable autodidacts include Abraham Lincoln, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Michael Faraday, Charles Darwin, Thomas Alva Edison, Tadao Ando, George Bernard Shaw, Frank Zappa,and Leonardo da Vinci . Indigenous Indigenous education refers to the inclusion of indigenous knowledge, models, methods and content within formal and non-formal educational systems. Often in a post-colonial context, the growing recognition and use of indigenous education methods can be a response to the erosion and loss of indigenous knowledge and language through the processes of colonialism. Furthermore, it can enable indigenous communities to â€Å"reclaim and revalue their languages and cultures, and in so doing, improve the educational success of indigenous students. † Education through recreation The concept of education through recreation was first applied to childhood development in the 19th century. In the early 20th century, the concept was broadened to include young adults but the emphasis was on physical activities. L. P. Jacks, also an early proponent of lifelong learning, described education through recreation: â€Å"A master in the art of living draws no sharp distinction between his work and his play, his labour and his leisure, his mind and his body, his education and his recreation. He hardly knows which is which. He simply pursues his vision of excellence through whatever he is doing and leaves others to determine whether he is working or playing. To himself he always seems to be doing both. Enough for him that he does it well. † Education through recreation is the opportunity to learn in a seamless fashion through all of life’s activities. The concept has been revived by the University of Western Ontario to teach anatomy to medical students. Open education is fast growing to become the dominant form of education, for many reasons such as its efficiency and results compared to traditional methods. Cost of education has been an issue throughout history, and a major political issue in most countries today. Open education is generally significantly cheaper than traditional campus based learning and in many cases even free. Many large university institutions are now starting to offer free or almost free full courses such as Harvard, MIT and Berkeley teaming up to form edX Other universities offering open education are Stanford, Princeton, Duke, Johns Hopkins, Edinburgh, U. Penn, U. Michigan, U. Virginia, U. Washington, Caltech. It has been called the biggest change in the way we learn since the printing press. Many people despite favorable studies on effectiveness may still desire to choose traditional campus education for social and cultural reasons. The conventional merit system degree is currently not as common in open education as it is in campus universities. Although some open universities do already offer conventional degrees such as the Open University in the United Kingdom. Currently many of the major open education sources offer their own form of certificate. Due to the popularity of open education these new kind of academic certificates are gaining more respect and equal â€Å"academic value† to traditional degrees. Many open universities are working to have the ability to offer students standardized testing and traditional degrees and credentials. There has been a culture forming around distance learning for people who are looking to enjoy the shared social aspects that many people value in traditional on campus education that is not often directly offered from open education. Examples of this are people in open education forming study groups, meetups and movements such as UnCollege. Liberal arts colleges A liberal arts institution can be defined as a â€Å"college or university curriculum aimed at imparting broad general knowledge and developing general intellectual capacities, in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum. † Although what is known today as the liberal arts college began in Europe, the term is more commonly associated with Universities in the United States. Community colleges A nonresidential junior college offering courses to people living in a particular area. Learning modalities There has been much interest in learning modalities and styles over the last two decades. The most commonly employed learning modalities are: Visual: learning based on observation and seeing what is being learned. Auditory: learning based on listening to instructions/information. Kinesthetic: learning based on movement, e. g. hands-on work and engaging in activities. Other commonly-employed modalities include musical, interpersonal, verbal, logical, and intrapersonal. Dunn and Dunn focused on identifying relevant stimuli that may influence learning and manipulating the school environment, at about the same time as Joseph Renzulli recommended varying teaching strategies. Howard Gardner identified a wide range of modalities in his Multiple Intelligences theories. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Keirsey Temperament Sorter, based on the works of Jung, focus on understanding how people’s personality affects the way they interact personally, and how this affects the way individuals respond to each other within the learning environment. The work of David Kolb and Anthony Gregorc’s Type Delineator follows a similar but more simplified approach. Some theories propose that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities, while others suggest that individuals may have preferred learning styles, learning more easily through visual or kinesthetic experiences. A consequence of the latter theory is that effective teaching should present a variety of teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities so that different students have equal opportunities to learn in a way that is effective for them. Guy Claxton has questioned the extent that learning styles such as VAK are helpful, particularly as they can have a tendency to label children and therefore restrict learning. Recent research has argued â€Å"there is no adequate evidence base to justify incorporating learning styles assessments into general educational practice. † Instruction Instruction is the facilitation of another’s learning. Instructors in primary and secondary institutions are often called teachers, and they direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects like reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. Instructors in post-secondary institutions might be called teachers, instructors, or professors, depending on the type of institution; and they primarily teach only their specific discipline.